Philosophy of Religion: A Very Short Introduction

Philosophy of Religion: A Very Short IntroductionAn enjoyable series. Philosophy of Religion: A Very Short Introduction is a great though-provoking book. Recommended.

What is the philosophy of religion? How can we distinguish it from theology on the one hand and the psychology/sociology of religious belief on the other? What does it mean to describe God as ‘eternal’? And should religious people want there to be good arguments for the existence of God, or is religious belief only authentic in the absence of these good arguments?

In this Very Short Introduction Tim Bayne introduces the field of philosophy of religion, and engages with some of the most burning questions that philosophers discuss. Considering how ‘religion’ should be defined, and whether we even need to be able to define it in order to engage in the philosophy of religion, he goes on to discuss whether the existence of God matters. Exploring the problem of evil, Bayne also debates the connection between faith and reason, and the related question
of what role reason should play in religious contexts. Shedding light on the relationship between science and religion, Bayne finishes by considering the topics of reincarnation and the afterlife.

ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Philosophy of Religion: A Very Short Introduction is available here.

Religion vs. Science: What Religious People Really Think

At the end of a five-year journey to find out what religious Americans think about science, Ecklund and Scheitle emerge with the real story of the relationship between science and religion in American culture. Based on the most comprehensive survey ever done-representing a range of religious traditions and faith positions-Religion vs. Science is a story that is more nuanced and complex than the media and pundits would lead us to believe.

The way religious Americans approach science is shaped by two fundamental questions: What does science mean for the existence and activity of God? What does science mean for the sacredness of humanity? How these questions play out as individual believers think about science both challenges stereotypes and highlights the real tensions between religion and science. Ecklund and Scheitle interrogate the widespread myths that religious people dislike science and scientists and deny scientific theories.

Religion vs. Science is a definitive statement on a timely, popular subject. Rather than a highly conceptual approach to historical debates, philosophies, or personal opinions, Ecklund and Scheitle give readers a facts-on-the-ground, empirical look at what religious Americans really understand and think about science.

Religion and science have always had an uneasy relationship. In fact, there are times when the two have been at war. But the two can coincide. This book is a myth-busting, highly accessible and well-written book. It is US centric but still very interesting. A fascinating read. 

Religion vs. Science: What Religious People Really Think is available here.

 

Historic Church Tours | Things To Do

The Churches Conservation Trust

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13th August – 5th October 2013

Suffolk – Somerset – Northamptonshire – Lincolnshire

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·      Stunning photographs of England’s most ancient churches available·      Fascinating programme of four themed tours:

 ‘Wallpaintings, Stained Glass and Memorials’ ‘Churches at War’,  ‘Carvings’ and ‘Monuments and Memorials’·      12 historic sites visited

 

 

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The Churches Conservation Trust (CCT), the national charity protecting ancient churches at risk, has launched a programme of fascinating Historic Church Tours across the country.

 

The tours will guide visitors through stunning countryside vistas, whilst breathing life into England’s shrouded ancestry and exquisite ancient architecture. Four intriguing themes included in the special Historic Church Tours are ‘Wallpaintings, Stained Glass and Memorials’ ‘Churches at War’, ‘Carvings’ and ‘Monuments and Memorials’

 

Taking place at selected churches across the country from Suffolk to Somerset, Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire, Historic Church Tours encompass a comprehensive geography of British architectural and social heritage.

 

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The next tour, Wallpaintings, Stained Glass and Memorials, will take place in Suffolk, 10:30am–4:30pm on August 13. Starting at All Saints, Little Wenham, a 13th-century flint church often described as one of Suffolk’s best-kept secrets, visitors will be in awe of the stunning wall-paintings and canopied ancient wall monuments. After a light lunch, move onto St Mary’s, Badley, a truly remarkable Medieval church with an atmosphere of great peace and stillness. With nothing for company but a 16th-century farmhouse and the wildlife of its pretty churchyard, St Mary’s is a breath-taking retreat for any passer-by. The final stop of the tour will be St Peter’s, Claydon. Overlooking the Gipping Valley, this church will astound visitors with its vibrant stained glass and extravagant carvings; a spectacular site to end this tour.

 

Historic Church Tours taking place in 2013 are as follows:

 

AUGUST

Wallpaintings, Stained Glass and Memorials – Suffolk

The three churches on this tour were selected for their stunning artwork in the form of extravagant carvings, stunning wallpaintings and vibrant stained glass.

 

SEPTEMBER

Churches at War – Somerset

Three of the CCT’s most stunning and iconic churches are positioned in Somerset. All three have been unwittingly caught up in a time of war, from acting as a hideaway during the Monmouth rebellion, to being solitary observer of mid-air disaster, the churches have seen all and kept their counsel.

 

Carvings – Northamptonshire

CCT churches in Northampton have an abundance of carved treasures on display. For this tour, CCT have selected three of the best from St Peter & St Paul’s in Preston Deanery,  stunning carvings of animals, to the Norman St Michael’s, Farndish, which boasts gorgeous carved corbels and elegant arches, and the stunning 900 year old St Peter’s in Northampton, which is full of carved treasures.

 

OCTOBER

Monuments and Memorials – Lincolnshire

This tour will explore the stunning and spectacular monuments and memorials in three Lincolnshire churches. Take in the breath-taking interior of St Lawrence’s, Snarford, the unusual red-brick chapel of St George, Goltho, which stands alone amid acres of corn and oilseed rape with only a few trees for company, and Milton Mausoleum, the only surviving mausoleum in Nottinghamshire.

 

All guided tours are priced at £40 per person and will include a light lunch and coach transportation to and from a local train station.

 

Tickets are available on general release now. To book tickets, go to http://www.visitchurches.org.uk/Historicchurchtours/

 

Interview with Philosopher and Poet PA Rees

Involution-Evolution-P.A.Rees-coverTell us about your fascinating book Involution, Reconciling Science to God.

The book retakes the scientific Odyssey of the past 3000 years to offer an alternative vision. There are two aspects, the poetic narrative and the scientific hypothesis, equally unorthodox now, but actually no less than science’s return to the perennial philosophy familiar through the ages. Science is now clothed in the spiritual , but this book suggests evolution always has been the co-creation of God, and science equally the means of His Self-knowledge. Love is unstated but lurks in aesthetics, ideals, self forgetfulness, in those that led the adventure of consciousness.

The skeleton of this work rests on three simple and related hypotheses:

That the entire experience of evolution has been encoded at different levels (involution) most probably in the superfluous junk or ‘fossil’ DNA. This is the experiential basis of molecular and cellular memory. It is present in each cell and all forms.

That science has evolved through the maverick self-forgetful contemplative genius recovering fragments of evolutionary memory. (Making contact with his molecular or cellular DNA- all knowledge is recollection-Plato)

These insights, when subject to measurement and verification, are proved congruent with outer reality and are incorporated into the model collective science builds of memory. Man comes to ‘know that he knows’’ (but not because he is a clever fellow, but because somebody remembered what Man has always known but forgotten). The brain uncovers what DNA contains. Brain is the interpreter of consciousness, and not the source emitter of it.

Consciousness shared throughout the living universe is thereby transferred from memory and awareness to the collective intellect. This separates man’s perception of himself as distinct from the field of consciousness, God, both immanent and transcendent; the exile.

The Poetic Narrative

Half the book narrates the journey, half provides the scientific notes.

The narrative intertwines two spiral rosaries like DNA, recording evolution’s experience, coded as memory. Reason tells the scientific beads of one, and Soul the artistic beads of the other, and what lies between them are the inspirations of contemplative genius. The book traces inspiration through the maverick genius across all epochs and disciplines in order to reveal the Journey through the Interior, Involution, a complement to Darwin’s evolution.

The evidence starts with the unified concepts in pre-Socratic Greece, (Parmenides, Empedocles Pythagoras, Heraclitus) then through the diversity of complex forms and their relationships, culminating in the complete separation of the Newtonian mechanical universe. That is the exile. It mirrors the divergence and diversity that began in the Cambrian explosion which resulted in the proliferate tree of life. The return shows the opposite, the dissolution of matter back into fields (Faraday, Clark- Maxwell, Schrodinger, Bohr, Einstein, Bohm etc) Man returns to the Unity of the beginning, the uniform field, now called the Implicate Order, Akashic, the Plenum, the Void: Alpha to Omega (Evolution) and Omega back to Alpha (Involution) Uncovering Memory has led our adventure of Science. Early man lay closer to the truth intuitively; modern man has recovered it intellectually. Involution links the two; the return from exile.

By the end of the book there is only the soliloquy of the serpent of DNA seducing the reader towards the gates of experience. It is spiritual experience that led genius to understanding as it led the saints to religious conviction. This book is the scaffolding from which to view the cathedral of consciousness, and when it has served that purpose it can be mentally taken down.

Do science and poetry go together well?

That probably remains to be decided by others! Because the evidence for this hypothesis crosses all epochs of thought, all disciplines of science, and because the history of science is so well documented, it would have been impossible to take the Odyssey in prose. I have lived with these ideas and the skeletal framework for 44 years. I did try (six times in different ways) to recount it in prose, but bald hypotheses need substantiating and as soon as those facts are added the axle of the journey gets embedded in the mud, or the wheels spin along the familiar tracks. Taking a new pathway is impossible. The argument veers back to the familiar.

Another and more important reason for writing poetically was to engage the readers’ own associations, for this is all about memory, and everyone has their own , and its allusive ( and elusive) links. That is how I could address the right brain, and use small nudges by quoting familiar poets, references and hope the reader would complete and enjoy them. From the reviews already posted on Amazon the poetic decision seems to have been vindicated. I do believe that freer and metaphorical writing will have to be accepted for the new holistic visions of science and the holographic nature of creation where each is both itself and one with all. Linear language will not do it justice.

Thirdly, writing poetically engaged me creatively: After 44 years of living with this, lecturing, talking and thinking about it, I needed to refresh, and the moment I tried it poetically it sprang into new life. The challenge was to do the idea some honour.

Do you draw any inspiration from your relation, the poet, Elizabeth Barrett Browning?

Yes but in subtle, not conscious poetic ways. Only latterly did I realise how much we shared in common interests, though I lack her early classical scholarship we both seem to explore mystical or metaphysical interests and their poetic expression. Curiously she wrote Aurora Leigh, a whole novel in poetic form but it was probably her political poems, and the love Sonnets from the Portuguese and her engagement with the politics of the Risorgimento that seemed to legitimise me taking on an equivalent bastion (science) poetically. She wrote on so many things, Homer, Virgil, the Battle of Marathon and an Essay on Mind, all of which creep into this book without me knowing quite how. I have never studied the writing of poetry from any poet but absorbed any influence subconsciously. It was more the way in which Elizabeth was spoken about by my grandmother who applauded her for other things mainly independence and her refusal to be bullied by her oppressive father, her outspoken shame at the Barrett’s family’s reliance on the slave trade, and her elopement with Robert to Italy. Together with George Eliot both women were held up as examples of what women could (and should) aim to achieve in a man’s world. It was also interesting to me that both women were supported and loved by their respective men for it. Neither were what would be called beautiful, but certainly clear minded and resolute in action.

  Mapping the history of scientific thought is a huge task, Did you ever feel daunted?

In some ways I did, but not for the work involved, but because I was, (still am), aware that I will be faulted for my omissions, and inaccuracies. They do not matter but the world of academia loves nothing better than to hole the argument below the waterline. The difference between this as a scientific hypothesis and others lies in its unashamed a priori…seeing the whole picture mapped out, like a cartographer with the rough boundaries sketched in, the journey through time starting with recorded time and using the signposts that would be easily recognised, because already known. There was therefore a framework into which to pin the significant contributions, but I am aware there will be many questioned. I am sure there is a field of land mines and grenades in its pages. It was experience that provided it and that was a solitary journey I cannot prove but that is its central message about the value of all those others.

Other theories rely on a wealth of background knowledge, a host of peers to bounce ideas off, and to review, applaud, to offer sources and refinements. I have none. I suppose that is why Ervin Laszlo calls it ‘brave’. It is also why I have written it with non-scientists mostly in mind, not because I do not believe in its scientific value, I do completely and did 44 years ago, but because scientists do not acknowledge the contributions of those they have not captured, scrutinised or pigeonholed. Similar reactions now to be happening with spiritual organisations equally. I had hoped the latter would want to support it because it really does fit in with their professed ideals. Neither I nor my Involution belongs anywhere, yet it is close kin to many others.

   What sparked the idea in the first place?

A succession of uninvited experiences , both psychic and mystical that seemed to be a ‘training ground’ travelling through evolutionary memory ( as Jung records in his Red Book, which I had not read at the time) and then the need to integrate those experiences with intellectual understanding. The first Theory of Involution was my ladder back to the safety of the intellectual world, and so called rationality; a way I could retain the value of my experiences and link the extraordinary to the ordinary. It brought me back down. Writing this work is to offer the benefit of those experiences to others, and to the new science.

What do you hope to achieve with Involution? Do you think it will help people think differently?

I very much hope so. It has taken most of my life and all my creative energy.

The neo Darwinian world with its purposeless, accidental, competitive genes and their errors has severed Man from a much deeper story which Involution uncovers. By demonstrating the interconnectedness of a purposeful process in which each plays a unique and significant part, and collective memory is what integrates, everything has value, the past, the family, the nation, the Cosmos. Since mind creates rather than material accidents what is also fundamental is responsibility, so it restores real meaning to every aspect of life, but without edicts or authorities: instead the individual simply experiencing. It also implies that the quality of thought will both create and be retained, so responsible thinking will underpin action. The individual is suddenly not expendable but precious.

Although I am not evangelical by nature I think it is likely to find readers already half prepared for it, for whom it will be a confirmation. A recent reader who reviewed said ‘Involution is so satisfying as a theory because it resonates with a primal truth; it just feels right’ and another said ‘Now that you put it together like that, it is really rather obvious…’ The central hypothesis that underpins Involution is the whole matrix of connection in consciousness, so whether the intellectuals acknowledge it as a ‘primal truth’ or not, if I am right it will percolate like all truth does. If I am wrong then my life has been wasted, but lots of lives are wasted on less worthy obsessions.

   Tell us a bit about you.

I suppose I am a puritan, and by that I mean that life had always to be centred on service of some kind. My family were inverted snobs and that meant money and materialism were beneath notice. I suppose I still respect that as an ideal to live by. It does not make for ease, but discipline and creativity are probably more satisfying. Demolition and reclamation was the way I built our house out of skips, just as I have built a scientific theory out of scientific ‘skips’ and reclaimed the ideas of other people, just used them differently.

I know I write to make sense of the world, but also because it seems that the subtlety of language and its power is second only to music, and painting, though with language what is connected is the private with the universal and that is its hellish challenge. Music and painting almost exist without needing affirmation, writing is not completed until it is read and understood.

I do other things, and I love practical challenges, like stone walling and designing buildings, and gardening but the only thing I know I shall never attain and it would be the most glorious, would be to play the cello well enough to play music rather than notes, which is all I can manage at the moment, and probably the best that a very late starter could hope for.

What’s next for you as an author?

Before I wrote Involution-An Odyssey I wrote an autobiographical novel, which was an exploration of the experiences that led to the theory. I wrote it as a novel because what I wanted to convey was the universal application of the experiences rather than the anecdotal account of my experiences. I always feel with accounts of spiritual revelation a sense both of voyeurism and ultimately the question in the reader ‘Yes well, very interesting but what might that have to do with me?’ A wanted to demonstrate that episodes of space time (synchronicity or serendipity) injects every life with signals, and, once perceived they increase and affirm what Involution implies. We are all linked and this is about each and every life, it is not another intellectual theory.

Because the obsessive theory does snake through the book I also hoped it might spur a publisher to ask about that too, or readers to be ready to receive Involution when it was written. Perhaps it will happen the other way round now. If Involution sparks interest it may extend to interest in what prompted it.

The novel has already been through two professional edits and it’s almost ready to publish.

In addition I would like to publish a collection of short stories called ‘Minding the Gap’ which explores the differences between old world and new world thinking, the characters are entirely distinguished by where they grow and breathe. That’s the South African/European divide within myself, I suppose.

I also have a novella I have already begun, which came almost written down in a dream. It would be truly refreshing to have the time to create that.

Involution-An Odyssey Reconciling Science to God

3 Religions You May Not Know Much About

Did you know that there are roughly 4,200 religions in the world today? Astonishing, isn’t it? With approximately 59% of the world’s population practicing a particular type of religion, for many it’s a fundamental part of everyday life.

Religion is defined as a collection of belief systems, cultural systems and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and to moral values. The five largest religion groups being practiced by population today are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Chinese folk religion and Buddhism – with Christianity equating to 33% of the world’s population.

But, when you take away these 5, what about all of the other 3,195 religions?  There seem to be so many religions we don’t know a single thing about.

Understanding religions is a fundamental part of human existence, knowledge and communication. And, unless we hear snippets of information about them in the media, many of them seem to go unnoticed.

So, to brush up on your awareness of how others live around the world, here’s a little run down of 3 religions I bet you don’t know much about…

1. Kabbalah

Now, I know that often when the word ‘Kabbalah’ is mentioned, your mind probably first thinks of Madonna. And, yes, although the ‘Material Girl’ singer follows the religion, she isn’t what it’s all about.

Kabbalah is a Jewish mysticism religion that involves advanced understanding of religion in relation to the wider universe, the nature of God and man’s place within life.  This is done by analysing underlying meanings from a variety of Jewish scriptures, such as the Torah.

Although based on Jewish beliefs, non-Jews have been adopting the teachings of the Kabbalah since the 15th century due to many of the understandings constituting a lot of Renaissance thought. It’s through this that has made the religion so popular throughout the Western culture today.

2. Baha’i Faith

The Baha’i Faith is a monotheistic religion that was started by Siyyid Ali-Muhammad in 1844.

The religion believes that figures such as Abraham, Moses, Buddha, Jesus and Mohammad were divine messengers sent by God to lead the world’s spiritual development.

One of the main characteristics of the Baha’i faith is the belief that all of mankind should strive for a united world society. This intrinsic equal value of all human life is a primary goal of the religion, and is based on the reasoning that as God created all humans, they should all be equally valued. Those who follow the faith are strong supporters of equal treatment for women and minorities.

In order to effectively work towards achieving this goal, Baha’is engage in social education programs on a day-to-day basis. These promote racial and gender, as well a religious respect, environmental responsibility and help for those in need.

3. Bruderhof Communities

Bruderhof communities were founded in 1920 by Eberhard Arnold, his wife Emmy and Emmy’s sister, Else von Hollander. The religion is a faith in Jesus, which focuses its teachings on ‘love your neighbor as yourself’, with a focus on nonviolence, faithfulness in marriage and compassion for those less fortunate, in particular.

There are more than 20 Bruderhofs currently worldwide and half of these consist of self-contained villages of 150-300 people, where all individuals contribute to the upkeep and livelihood of their community, through a voluntary act of service.

Everything within these communities is shared amongst all members on the basis of equality. Income from all businesses is pooled and used for the care of all members and for communal outreach efforts.

The natural environment is also a fundamental aspect of The Bruderhof. Members strive to protect every aspect of the environment by using sustainable agriculture, recycling materials, as well as limiting carbon footprint through the use of solar power and geothermal heating.  As a product of God’s creation, the Bruderhof believe it should remain as natural and as untouched as possible.

 

The Funniest Letter EVER.

This is the funniest letter ever. We came across this on Facebook and just had to share it. It shows just how ridiculous people who discriminate and try to use religion as a weapon are.

Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie have to "hide behind some walls" to escape their celebrity status.

The ‘Tree of Life’ star – who raises children, Maddox, nine, Pax, seven, Zahara, six, Shiloh five and two-year-old twins Knox and Vivienne with the 36-year-old actress – thinks he now has his lifestyle down “pretty well” after spending 10 years getting used to being known as one of the world’s most famous actors.

He said: “It took me a good decade of hiding in my house and not going outside to even, like, get my arms around this idea of celebrity, where suddenly people are looking for you to pick your nose or get a shot of you kissing some woman.

“It’s a very discombobulating thing. But Angie and I have got it down pretty well. We have to hide behind some walls, but we’re good.”

Despite being happy with his domestic life, the 47-year-old hunk still struggles with his views on religion – having been brought up in the mid-west of the US, which well-known for its Christian views.

He told the Guardian newspaper: “I grew up in the f**king buckle of the Bible belt.

“This idea of an all-powerful, watching being that’s controlling our moves and giving us a chance to say he’s the greatest so we get into some eternal heaven – that just doesn’t work for me, man. I got a real problem with it.

“I see the value of religion and what it offers to people as a cushion and I don’t want to step on that. On the other hand, I’ve seen where I grew up how it becomes separatist, and I get quite aggravated and antagonistic.”

The Fighter's Ballad Preview {Film}

Films set in London can’t help but resonate with it’s residents and ‘The Fighter’s Ballad’ opens with various shots of London and it’s landmarks so from the start I expected it to portray some of the characteristics and problems of present day London. And I wasn’t disappointed. Set and filmed in St Leonard’s Shoreditch Church, round the corner from the hedonistic playground of the youthful and trendy that is Hoxton, a world weary Reverend (Clive Russell) carries out his mundane day to day duties to a dwindling congregation.
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St Leonard’s is also the setting for the television show ‘Rev’ and has been described as “one of the country’s most bleakly beautiful buildings.” It’s name might be familiar from the nursary rhyme ‘Oranges and Lemons’ and Shakespeare is said to have worshipped there but these days the flock is the homeless and drug addicts.
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The plot continues when a violent, desperate man breaks into the Church bringing with him the anxiety and anger of contemporary society. This is The Fighter (Peter Cadwell) and as his name suggests he’s violent. He’s also a soul in turmoil, seeking meaning in life, faith and redemption.
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The Fighter’s Ballad is an adaptation of an original stage play written by Peter Cadwell who plays The Fighter. Although film is very dialogue heavy, the performances were strong enough to carry it off. Russell’s portrayal of Reverend John was natural, utterly convincing and at times very moving. Russell’s grand stature (6’6″) didn’t prevent him from coming across as a vulnerable character. Cadwell, more used to the stage, brought an energy to the nameless fighter that’s not often seen on a screen. The Fighter’s dialogue being lyrical and almost rap-like, the extra energy came in handy bringing the angry, troubled character to life.
The film is superbly shot, if a little dark in places, on digital SLR cameras. They make full use of the dereliction of the building and the features inside.  A grand piano covered in water stained dustsheet says everything about this supposed sanctuary surrounded by gritty inner London.
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