Frost Magazine

Books and Lifestyle

Frost Magazine

The Rise of Topless Activism: But Is It a Good Or Bad Thing?

There is a worrying new trend in feminism: topless activism. Not men being topless. Women being topless because of course. Even more worrying is the number of women falling for it. The trendy #freethenipple campaign has gained ground when, in fact, it does nothing but mock the real struggle for equality. Amanda Foreman wrote an amazing piece on this for The Sunday Times. She starts off:

“New York last week was awash with nipples. Actually, it was a tiny corner of downtown Manhattan. And it wasn’t so much a sea of breasts, as a handful (or an eyeful) of women who went topless in support of a campaign to “free the nipple”. For the uninitiated, #FreeTheNipple, was the brainchild of 29-year-old Lina Esco, who felt it was unfair that men can show their nipples in public in all 50 states, whereas for women it’s a mere 13. Esco struggled in comparative obscurity until her protest was annexed recently by Scout Willis, daughter of Bruce Willis and Demi Moore. She is locked in an ongoing struggle with Instragram over the freedom to post naked selfies. The internet company maintains a blanket policy against nude photos as a way of deterring pornographers and paedophiles.” 

She then goes on to point out that the previous week in Washington another struggle for women’s rights was happening, Senator Claire McCaskill of Missouri and others were part of a task force to confront the increase in violence against female students on US Campuses. Up a shocking 20% this year. The White House is holding hearings and using Title IX, a 1972 civil rights law, to force universities to provide better protection for female students.

Foreman also goes on to say that “one does not necessarily fuel the other” and makes the good point that countries in which women are covered up are worse for violence against women and sexism but she has a problem with ‘the American tendency to confuse life and death struggles for personal freedom with exhibitionist demonstrations of myopic self-regard’. I think this is well said but I don’t think it is just an American thing.

When it comes to the nipple there is nothing to free. It is everywhere, in television shows, films, magazines, Page Three, online porn,  even women’s magazines for god’s sake. I mean, why do fashion spreads in women’s magazines nearly always have a topless women in? It is just weird.

Thing is, I am not against nudity. Neither is Amanda. She posed nude for Tatler at one point. (no nipples though).  I am not a prude. I wouldn’t go topless on a beach but I love Helmut Newton’s fashion photography. The women in those pictures are all sexy, strong and in charge. Nudity, as with most things in life, is about context.

Femen, the Ukrainian political group, is run by a man and all of the women are slim and gorgeous. When it was Femen member  Inna Shevchenko’s birthday, Femen wrote: “Femen congratulates its most famous leader, real revolutionary, wunderkind of feminism and beauty Inna Shevchenko with her birthday!” The most important word there is ‘beauty’. Femen calls itself a feminist group but is just another organisation that has become famous through the exploitation of women and their bodies. 

They may be put in the paper, but no one is listening to what they are saying. The most interesting thing about Femen’s coverage is how big the pictures are of near-naked beautiful women, compared to how small the print of whatever they are protesting against is.  Anyone can get in the paper for getting their breasts out. It does not take talent or skill, women have been doing it for years and men have been exploiting them and selling magazines and newspapers off the back of that exploitation. When Vladimir Putin was protested against by a topless activist, his leering, pervy facial expression said it all.

Femen: the rise of topless activism

They are called private parts for a reason. People may call me a prude and think I am a killjoy but, actually, it’s rude to try and make someone else live by your rules. Breasts may be ‘functional’ but so is my vagina. I don’t whip that out either.

Some women think that a women going topless is the same thing as a man going topless. Or at least should be. Unfortunately, that cannot happen now. Breasts have been too sexualised for too long. It isn’t fair but the world isn’t fair. Breasts are sexual. They always will be. A topless man is not the same as a topless women. It’s not fair, but it is a fact.

If you don’t believe me, do an experiment. Flash your breasts at a man and then ask him what you said after. If he knows what you said, let everyone know his name; he deserves a medal or something.

Topless activism gets publicity but that doesn’t mean it works. Sex sells and the world is full of perverts. People love boobs and will use any excuse to print them, as long as they are attached to an attractive women.

Even the daughter of Demi Moore and Bruce Willis, Scout,  has gotten in on the act. ‘Protesting’ against Instagram not letting her post topless pictures of herself on Instagram. She then said she was going to ‘move to Europe’. She seems sweetly unaware that in ‘Europe’ we all wear clothes and that walking around topless is called indecent exposure.

She tweeted

Scout LaRue Willis @Scout_Willis 

I’m moving to Europe, people’s victorian sensibilities need to calm the fuck down

What @instagram won’t let you see 

Scout Willis walked around the streets of New York topless to make her point, but she could have chosen something more pressing to use her celebrity for. Like the fact women are stoned to death by their own families or teenagers being raped and then hung from trees in India.

Scout Willis #freethenipple protest Scout Willis #freethenipple protest

 

The thing is, we have to decide what we want. Feminism can’t have it both ways. Either we want to get rid of Page Three because it is wrong and objectifies women or we want to get our nipples out to be ‘equal’ to men. Which one is it? Easy. If you want to be equal to men then ask to be paid the same as them. Ask for the same opportunities. There are more MPs called John in the House of Parliament than there is women. The average college graduate in the US who becomes a mother will sacrifice a million dollars over her lifetime and single women make 90% of what men make. The list of what to fight for is endless and, trust me, freeing our nipples is the least of it.

 

What do you think? Is Topless Activism a good thing?

 

 

 

UK’s Top 10 driving songs

· 60 per cent of Brits say “golden oldies” and “cheesy classics” make the best driving playlist

· Three quarters of UK drivers indulge in ‘car-eoke’ – belting out tunes behind the wheel

· Holly Willoughby and David Beckham are the UK’s dream road trip companions

· Katie Hopkins is the UK’s nightmare car companion!

topdrivingsongsFrost is not adverse to singing in the car and it seems we are not the only ones. In an age of digital addiction – where everyone is keen to be connected, informed and upgraded – it seems our music taste hasn’t changed with the times. Despite a thoroughly modern lifestyle, Brits prefer to listen to classic bands like Queen in the car, a survey of 1,000 UK drivers revealed.

While one in three Brits use a smartphone or iPod to listen to music when driving, the majority of people prefer songs that were hits long before these devices were invented. Nine of the ten songs revealed as the best driving songs were released in the 1970s and 1980s. Brit rockers Queen topped the poll, stealing the first and second spots.

To mark the arrival of the New Original MINI, 55 years after the original Mini was launched in 1959, MINI has delved into the past to find the greatest driving tracks of all time.

Long live the Queen

The band Queen is the nation’s favourite artist overall to play in the car (16 per cent of votes), having beaten the likes of Michael Jackson (9 per cent), Fleetwood Mac (8 per cent) and Meatloaf (6 per cent) in the national poll. Their 1978 hit ‘Don’t Stop Me Now’ was voted best driving song with a quarter of the votes, and ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ claimed number two with 21 per cent of the votes. Londoners favoured Michael Jackson while Scottish respondents voted for Fleetwood Mac and Geordies preferred to play Meatloaf.

UK drivers love ‘car-aoke’

Three quarters of Brits admitted they like to belt out a tune when behind the wheel. In fact, 28 per cent of respondents said they sing “loud and proud” no matter who is listening. However, almost half of the UK (46 per cent) will only sing when they are in the car on their own. ‘Dancing Queen’ by ABBA is the nation’s favourite guilty pleasure to croon along to.

Fantasy road trip: Holly Willoughby or David Beckham on Route 66

When it comes to choosing the dream trip to accompany a soundtrack, Brits opt for Route 66, with one in three of us saying that would be our fantasy drive. ITV’s Holly Willoughby topped the poll for the person we want most in the passenger seat – chosen over royalty, sporting heroes and film stars including Kate Middleton, David Beckham and Daniel Craig. David Beckham did however top the poll for women. Holly’s TV nemesis, Katie Hopkins, claimed top of the list for the ultimate nightmare car companion. Others on the nightmare list included Bruce Forsyth, Boris Johnson (who topped the poll for Londoners!) and UKIP party leader Nigel Farage.

Robbie helps us to relax

When it comes to tunes that calm us on the road, the song to choose is Angels by Robbie Williams. The hit topped the list of songs that soothe road rage, with a quarter of respondents selecting the popular 90s ballad. Conversely, Angels by indie band The XX had just four per cent of the vote for their 2012 single. Once again the more classic tracks, including Dionne Warwick’s Walk on By and U2’s With or Without You, were chosen over current chart favourites such as Strong by London Grammar (2 per cent) for relaxation.

MINI has recently launched the newest addition to its fleet, The New Original MINI, which combines over half a century of heritage with state-of-the-art technology and design. The stunning new Hatch – packing twin power turbo engines, in-car technology with ‘MINI connected’, and cutting-edge safety features – answers the nation’s need for a car that meets their modern requirements while satisfying their classic tastes.


TOP TEN DRIVING SONGS

1. Don’t stop me now – Queen

2. Bohemian Rhapsody – Queen

3. Bat out of hell – Meatloaf

4. Don’t stop Believin’ – Journey

5. Dancing Queen – Abba

6. Hotel California – The Eagles

7. Sex on Fire – Kings of Leon

8. Walking on Sunshine – Katrina and the Waves

9. Driving Home for Christmas – Chris Rea

10. I’m Gonna Be (500 miles) – The Proclaimers

THE TOP TEN GUILTY PLEASURE SONGS TO SING ALONG TO IN THE CAR

1. Dancing Queen – Abba

2. Don’t Stop Believin’ – Journey

3. Come on Eileen – Dexy’s Midnight Runners

4. Call Me Maybe – Carly Rae Jepsen

5. Sweet Caroline – Neil Diamond

6. Baby One More Time – Britney Spears

7. I’m Gonna Be (500 miles) – The Proclaimers

8. Black Velvet – Allanah Myles

9. All Out of Love – Air Supply

10. Relight my Fire – Take That

THE BEST SONGS TO SOOTHE ROAD RAGE

1. Angels – Robbie Williams

2. With or Without You – U2

3. Walk on By – Dionne Warwick

4. Always – Bon Jovi

5. Yellow – Coldplay

OUR IDEAL ROAD TRIPS

1. Route 66, USA

2. Amalfi Coast, Italy

3. Land’s End to John O’Groats, UK

4. East Coast, Australia

5. Auckland to Queensland, New Zealand

OUR TOP FANTASY CELEBRITY ROAD TRIP COMPANIONS

1. Holly Willoughby

2. David Beckham

3. Daniel Craig

4. Kate Middleton

5. Boris Johnson

OUR NIGHTMARE PASSENGER SEAT COMPANIONS

1. Katie Hopkins

2. Bruce Forsyth

3. Boris Johnson

4. Nigel Farage

5. Harry Styles

Things To See: The Eiffel Tower | Travel

I have to start this piece by saying that the Eiffel Tower has a special place in my heart, as just over a year ago my fiancé whisked me away to Paris and proposed to me. After his proposal we went to the Eiffel Tower. Before I saw the Eiffel Tower for the first time I always thought it would be long and thin. In fact, the Eiffel Tower is huge, both in height and girth. It is so vast and impressive that it is impossible to not feel just a little insignificant in it’s shadow. It is easy to see why the Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous attractions in the world, and is seen in countless movies and television shows.

Paris

Even more shocking and surprising is that this genius of architecture and human ability is now 125 years old. How they had the technology and ability to do this 125 years ago always makes me wondrously impressed. It took 300 workers, 18,038 pieces of wrought iron, 2.5 million rivets, 10,000 tons, 984.25 feet high and two years, two months, and five days of construction to complete. Not bad at all.

The Eiffel Tower

Photo credit: Catherine Balavage

 

The Eiffel Tower is a must see, especially if you live in Europe as it is so easy to get to Paris. Especially on the Eurostar. And there are many amazing and reasonable priced hotels near the Eiffel Tower which can be found through Hotel Direct After getting over my general awe of just how huge both the base of the tower, and the height was, we went all of the way to the top. I even went out into the balcony at the very top. It was a little scary but I did not want to pass up the opportunity. The view of Paris from the top is absolutely amazing and it is quite an adrenaline rush.

In it’s 125-year history more than 250 million people have visited the Eiffel Tower, making it the most-visited paid monument in the world. Here are some more facts:

The view from the top of the Eiffel Tower. Photo credit: Catherine Balavage

The view from the top of the Eiffel Tower. Photo credit: Catherine Balavage

The view from the top of the Eiffel Tower. Photo credit: Catherine Balavage

The view from the top of the Eiffel Tower. Photo credit: Catherine Balavage

The Eiffel Tower is more than one colour. It is darker at the top and lighter at the bottom to counteract atmospheric perspective. It is also painted every seven years to protect the tower from rust. Fifty to sixty tons of paint is needed to paint the entire tower.

The Eiffel Tower was meant to be taken down after twenty years. In the end the French military and the French government used it for radio, and later tele, communications. When the towers permit expired in 1909, the City of Paris renewed it indefinitely.

The people of Paris originally hated the Eiffel Tower. Parisians thought it was an eyesore and newspapers received angry letters saying it didn’t fit into the feel of the city. Apparently, novelist Guy de Maupassant hated the tower but ate at its restaurant everyday. When people asked him why he said it was because it was the only place in Paris where he couldn’t see it.

eiffeltowercatherinebalavage

The Eiffel Tower changes height. Because it is made with wrought iron the metal expands when exposed to heat. This increases the towers height by 6.75 inches.

The Eiffel Tower was the tallest building in the world until 1930 when New York City’s Chrysler Building rose up to 1,046 feet 

Apparently, the Eiffel Tower wasn’t the brainchild of Gustav Eiffel.  It was his senior engineers Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier who designed the tower. Gustav Eiffel sent the engineers to the head of the company’s architectural department, Stephen Sauvestre. After Sauvestre’s edits, Eiffel finally got behind the plans and he also bought the right to the patent.

The Eiffel Tower, Champ de Mars, 5 Avenue Anatole France, 75007 Paris, France

Read our Paris In Instagram Pictures pieces for more great things to do in Paris.

 

The Cost Of Love

We love this infograph about love from prezzybox.com Check it out.

thecostoflove

14 Facts About The Queen

  1. HM_The_Queen_and_Prince_PhilipThe Queen owns no property outside Britain.
  2. She owns at least 30 furs. They are worth a reported £1 million. There is a refrigerated fur store at Buckingham Palace.
  3. Her estimated worth is more than £100 million.
  4. Her investments are held by a company called Bank Of England Nominees. It allows heads of states to buy shares anonymously.
  5. Under the ancient law of Bona Vacantia, The Queen is entitled to the property of those who die without heirs within the Duchy’s realm, the Country Palatine. The Queen still gets this money but apparently gives it to charity.
  6. She earns at least £1 million a month minimum.
  7. The Sovereign Grant, the amount of money the Queen gets from the government, was £31 million in 2012/13.
  8. The Royal Collection consists of 7,000 paintings, 40,000 watercolours and drawing and 150,000 Old Masters prints.
  9. The royal cars at Sandringham are worth an estimated £7.1 millionfacts about the queen, Queen
  10. She doesn’t need a passport and is the only person in the United Kingdom who is not required to have a driving licence in order to drive. She also does not require number plates on any of her cars. The official website of the British monarchy says, “As a British passport is issued in the name of Her Majesty, it is unnecessary for The Queen to possess one.”
  11. William and Harry just call her ‘granny’
  12. No alarm clock: she wakes to the sound of her personal bagpiper every morning.
  13. Buckingham Palace has 775 rooms.
  14. She met Prince Phillip when she was just 13.

A Nation Of Secret Chocolate Lovers…

Montezume chocolate bar reviewPrezzybox.com surveyed 886 people from all over the UK on their chocolate eating habits. They found some fun, weird and amazing facts.

  • An Astounding 57.2% of would rather have chocolate once per rather than sex.…. 1.3% of men agreed!
  • 78.5% of workers admit stealing chocolate from the communal work fridge
  • 83.1% of women have bought chocolate as a gift for a friend – but eaten it before they could give their friend it!
  • Women in London are the least likely to share a chocolate bar 1.1% (it’s mine!)
  • Women in York are the most likely to share a bar of chocolate 11%
  • 71.7% of women eat a family sized chocolate bar on their own at least TWICE per year.
  • 13.3% of women would rather admit to sleeping with a stranger, rather than admit stealing their mates chocolate.
  • Liverpool residents eat the most chocolate in the UK per year, 14kg WOW!
  • The average UK resident munches their way through 10kg of chocolate per year
  • Men (sex sign) spend £36 per year on chocolate (this includes valentines) Tight!
  • Women (sex sign) spend £57 per year on chocolate
  •  A perfect night includes chocolate for 68.3% of women
  •  74.7% of women secretly buy and eat a chocolate bar at least once per week (diet starts tomorrow?)
  •  Men eat 41% more dark chocolate than women.
  •  Women eat 54% more white chocolate then men.

 

Top 5 Friendly Towns & cities where chocolate is shared by women.

  1. York 11%
  2. Newcastle 10.3%
  3. Huddersfield 8.7%
  4. Portsmouth 8.5%
  5. Manchester 8.4%

5 Towns & cities where chocolate is LEAST shared by women.

  1. London 1.1%
  2. Leicester 1.78%
  3. Hull 3.3%
  4. Nottingham 3.4%
  5. Leeds 4.7%

Top 5 Chocolate Eaters in the UK, average per person per year.

  1. Liverpool 14kg per year
  2. Hull 13.57kg
  3. Glasgow 13.34 Kg
  4. Sheffield 12.6 Kg
  5. Cardiff 12.01 Kg

Should You Take Vitamins?

Andy_Murray becomes forst man in 77 years to win Wimbledon. It is hard to know what is the best for your health and the media always seems to be giving conflicting stories. I take a multivitamin but recent press has said this is not a good idea. So, what is fact and fiction? Let’s try and find out.

In response to an article in the Daily Mail on Thursday July 25th posing the question as to whether vitamins can take years off your life, the Health Supplements Information Service (HSIS) is reminding the nation about the many benefits behind vitamins and minerals that are needed daily to fuel our bodies and keep us healthy.

SORTING OUT THE REAL FACTS:

Vitamins and minerals perform a variety of vital functions in the body, mainly due to their participation in biochemical processes including:

ü working with enzymes to help in the release of energy from food

ü helping to maintain the health of body systems and organs such as the brain, heart, blood vessels and nervous system.

Vitamins and minerals work together to maintain our health and the body cannot function without them. They are essential nutrients and a lack of such vitamins and minerals can lead to poor health.

Vitamins and minerals can be obtained from food, but modern diets are often lacking in these nutrients due to poor food choice. This is amply demonstrated by the findings from the large UK Diet and Nutrition Surveys, which methodologically are among the most robust surveys in the world.

These surveys continue to show a lack of essential nutrients to some extent across population groups but particularly in young women whose mineral intakes may be severely compromised and in children and older people where vitamin D intakes fail to match recommendations.[1]

The most recent data from this survey[2] shows that mean intakes fell below the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) for a number of minerals, in particular iron, magnesium, potassium and selenium. This was particularly the case for boys and girls aged 11 to 18 years. Mean iron intake was 58% of the reference nutrient intake (RNI), the same proportion as in the previous survey of this age group. Mean intakes of magnesium and potassium also fell below the RNI for both boys and girls aged 11-18 years, as did zinc, calcium and iodine for girls.

Substantial proportions of older girls had mineral intakes below the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (LRNI; a level at which deficiency is likely); 46% of girls aged 11-18 years had intakes of iron and magnesium below the LRNI; the equivalent figure for potassium was 30% and for zinc 15%. Among boys of this age group, 26% failed to achieve the LRNI for magnesium.

Intakes of calcium were of particular concern in 11-18 year old girls, an age at which calcium is particularly important for bone development. More than one in 10 girls in this age group failed to achieve the LRNI for calcium.

Significant numbers of adults also had low intakes. One fifth of adult women failed to achieve the LRNI for iron, while one in 10 men and one in 10 women failed to achieve the LRNI for magnesium.

Intakes of selenium fell below the RNI in both older children and adults. Adult women overall achieved 72% of the RNI while adult men achieved 74% of the RNI. Around half of adult women and older girls and a fifth of men and older boys had intakes below the LRNI.

It is clear that UK dietary surveys continue to show that significant numbers of the population do not achieve recommended intakes of essential nutrients. In the light of this continuing dietary gap, it is misleading to imply that vitamin pills are unnecessary.

A 2010 report entitled “Towards a Healthier Britain”[3] found evidence that vitamin and mineral supplements boost intakes and increase blood levels of these essential nutrients with fewer people taking multivitamin and mineral supplements having intakes below recommendations.

NUTRIENT SPOT LIGHT:

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is the collective name for a group of fat-soluble compounds that exhibit antioxidant activity. Antioxidants protect the body cells from the damaging effects of free radicals, which are molecules that contain an unshared electron. Unshared electrons are highly energetic and react rapidly with oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS). The body forms ROS when it converts food to energy. The body is also exposed to free radicals from environmental factors such as cigarette smoke, air pollution and UV radiation. Free radicals damage cells and may contribute to the development of body organ damage.

In addition to its activities as an antioxidant, vitamin E is involved in other essential functions such as immune function, chemical messaging between cells, regulation of gene expression, and other metabolic processes.[4] Vitamin E inhibits the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme involved in cell proliferation. Vitamin-E–replete blood vessels have been shown to be better able to resist blood cell components adhering to the blood vessel surface so helping to maintain the health of the blood vessels. Vitamin E also increases the activity of two enzymes that influence fatty acid metabolism, which again helps to maintain the health of the blood circulation.[5]

Vitamin E is one of the essential nutrients for health. Several studies, including the two studies mentioned in the Daily Mail article have evaluated the role of vitamin E in large doses, often 40 times and more greater than the RDA. These studies have involved methods similar to those used in drug trials to see if vitamin E and other essential nutrients can prevent or treat disease.

However, vitamin E, like all essential nutrients is essential for the maintenance of health and prevention of deficiency. Such drug-like trials may be of interest to researchers looking for mechanisms of action but are of no relevance for the daily health maintenance of the UK population where intake of vitamin E should follow recommended amounts. Recommended daily amounts of vitamin E have not been associated with adverse effects in healthy populations. Anyone taking medication or with any disease should ask for the advice of their health care professional about their nutrient intake.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential vitamin required for the formation of collagen in bone, teeth and blood vessels. It also helps to maintain the optimal activity of several enzymes and is involved in the synthesis of several physiological compounds in the body such carnitine and noradrenaline. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant and helps in the absorption of non-haem iron (iron from plant sources).

Low vitamin C intake has been associated with conditions such as stroke[6] and periodontal disease.[7] Studies in which people have taken vitamin C supplements on a regular basis indicate that vitamin C may reduce the duration of colds.[8] Vitamin C may be useful for reducing the development of colds in people exposed to brief periods of severe physical exercise.[9]

Calcium

Calcium is an essential nutrient that plays a whole host of vital roles for health in the skeleton, blood and neuromuscular system. The essentiality of calcium for bone health is indisputable and as many as one in 10 young women in the UK have an intake which falls below the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (LRNI),[10] an intake at which deficiency is likely with consequences for bone health throughout life.

The Journal of the American Medical Association study[11] mentioned in the Daily Mail article in which calcium was linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD) was not a randomized controlled trial (RCT) but a prospective study from which a cause and effect cannot be established with certainty. There was also no information in the JAMA paper on the duration of supplement use and a lack of information on family history of CVD. Calcium intake was self reported by the study participants and therefore subject to error. In addition, calcium intake was only measured at baseline; so change in dietary or supplemental calcium intake could not be assessed during follow-up.

Selenium

Selenium is an essential trace mineral which functions as a part of several seleno-proteins and enzymes involved in essential metabolic processes. However, In the UK, intakes of selenium are low. Data from the 2006 UK Total Diet Study showed that the mean intake of selenium is 48-58 micrograms a day which is below the UK reference nutrient intake of 75 micrograms a day for men and 60 micrograms a day for women.[12] Similar findings emerged from the latest UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) [13] in which intakes of selenium fell below the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) in both adults and older children. Adult women overall achieved 72% of the RNI while adult men achieved 74% of the RNI. Around half of adult women and older girls and a fifth of men and older boys had intakes below the Lower Reference Intake (LRNI). Such low intakes are associated with reduced blood levels of selenium and significantly increased risk of mortality in both Europe and the US.[14],[15]

Summary:

Overall, there is ample evidence to suggest that many people in the UK have a poor diet with below recommended intakes of essential nutrients. Though these nutrients should ideally be obtained from the diet, it is clear that this is not happening. A multivitamin and mineral supplement in recommended amounts represents a useful means of helping to bridge this dietary gap.

[1] Bates B, Lennox A, Prentice A et al. (2012) National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Headline Results from Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2008/2009-2010/2011). Department of Health

[2] Ibid

[3] Mason P, Ruxton C. Towards a Healthier Britain. Proprietary Association of Great Britain (PAGB) 2010

[4] Traber MG. Vitamin E. In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins R, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006;396-411.

[5] Ibid

[6] Myint P, Luben R, Welch A et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2008 ;87 :64-69

[7] Leggott P, Robertson P, Rothman D et al. J Periodontol 1986 ; 57 :480-485

[8] Hemila H, Chalker E. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;1:CD000980.

[9] Ibid

[10] Bates B, Lennox A, Prentice A et al. (2012) National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Headline Results from Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2008/2009-2010/2011). Department of Health

[11] Xiao Q, Murphy R, Houston D, et al. Dietary and Supplemental Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. The National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Stud. JAMA Intern Med. Published online February 4, 2013. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.3283

[12] Food Standards Agency. Survey on measurement of the concentrations of metals and other elements from the 2006 UK total diet study. Food Survey Information Sheet 01/09. London: UK. FSA 2009:16-17, 37-45

[13] Bates B, Lennox A, Prentice A et al. (2012) National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Headline Results from Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2008/2009-2010/2011). Department of Health

[14] Bleys J, Navas-Acien A, Guallar E. Serum selenium levels and all-cause cancer and cardiovascular mortality among US adults. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:404-10

[15] Akbaraly NT, Arnaud J, Hiniger-Favier I et al. Selenium and mortality in the elderly: results from the EVA study. Clin Chem 2005;51:2117-23.

Royal Mail to float – what interested investors should do

The biggest privatisation for two decades

 

·         Royal Mail to float

·         What interested investors should do

·         IPO Q & A

Today the Government have announced plans to float the Royal Mail in what could be the largest privatisation for two decades. The state-owned postal service could be valued up to as much as £3 billion in an initial public offering (IPO) taking place this year.

 

Richard Hunter, Head of Equities, Hargreaves Lansdown;-

““The success of the Direct Line Group & esure share offers has reignited private investor interest in IPOs. The offer of shares to the public is reminiscent of the float of British Gas in the 1980’s which was accompanied by the “Tell Sid” Campaign. Shares will be marketed to the public and any investors aged over 18 will be able to apply for shares.

 

What interested investors should do

 

Richard Hunter

 

“We don’t have the details of the IPO yet. Investors can register their interest with a stockbroker now and when a prospectus and application pack becomes available they will contact you with all the information needed to invest.”

 

Tell Sid? – Investing in an Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Q & A

 

From the first “Tell Sid” privatisation of British Gas in the 1980s, flotations and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) have always been of interest to the investor. Richard Hunter, Head of Equities, explains how they work.

 

What is an IPO?

 

An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is where the owner(s) of a company sell all of part of their stake to the public in order to raise money. This cash can then be used to grow the company or simply be returned to the owners. An IPO is also commonly called a flotation.

 

An IPO may only be made available to institutional investors or to a mixture of private (retail) and institutional investors. An IPO happens in three stages.

 

1.            The Intention to Float – The company announces to the stock market, public stating they wish to float the company

2.            Preparation of Prospectus – The company will then prepare and release a prospectus. This aims to be the definitive document relating to the launch and will describe the offer in detail. Applications to buy shares in an IPO should always be made on the basis of the information contained in the prospectus

3.            Sale of shares – The company and their advisers invite applications for the shares. The IPO will be open for a fixed time known as the Offer Period

 

When will the share price be known?

 

In some cases fixed price offers are made and the investor will know the share price in advance. Alternatively the share price will not be known until the date the company floats. In some cases the company will provide an indicative range for the flotation price of the shares e.g. £2.00 to £2.20. The precise price won’t be fixed until near the listing date and may depend on demand for the shares. Once the share has floated on the open market, the price will the rise and fall as all other shares do.

 

Why would investor want to get buy shares at IPO?

 

An IPO allows investment in a company when it first enters a stock market.

 

When will shares go on sale?

 

The timetable for an IPO generally spans four weeks. An Intention to Float announcement is made and then around two weeks later the prospectus is issued and the offer period starts. It is during this period investors can apply for shares.

 

Where can investors get a prospectus for an IPO?

 

Interested investors should contact a stock broker who will be able to register your interest in receiving a prospectus. In some cases a stock broker will provide research and updates as information becomes available. For example, Hargreaves Lansdown has been involved in the majority of IPOs over the last 30 years.

 

How do investors buy IPO shares?

 

Investors can buy IPO shares through a stockbroker. A share dealing account should be opened and money deposited to buy the shares. This can be done online or over the telephone using a debit card, or alternatively a paper application accompanied by a cheque can be used.

 

How many shares can investors buy from an IPO?

 

There is normally a minimum number – If the offer is oversubscribed investors may not be able to buy all the shares they want to buy. If this is the case the balance of money can be used to buy other shares or can be refunded.

 

Can investors buy IPO shares through an ISA, SIPP or Junior ISA?

 

In some cases money in an ISA, SIPP or Junior ISA can be used to buy IPO shares. This depends upon which market the company is listing upon and the type of IPO.

 

What dealing costs are paid?

 

Buying IPO shares is often free for investors.

 

Hargreaves Lansdown’s charges are as follows:

 

IPO share purchase                         Free

Share account charge                     Nil (Other charges to hold shares may apply e.g. in ISA and SIPP (ISA – 0.5% capped at £45 a year, SIPP – 0.5% capped at £200 a year).

 

Selling IPO shares will be subject to a dealing charge from £5.95 and no more than £11.95 (online).

 

Buying IPO shares after the offer period, when the shares are available in the market, will be subject to a dealing fee of no more than £11.95 (online) plus stamp duty of 0.5%.

 

Is there a minimum holding period? How quick can an investor sell?

 

There is no minimum period, but generally it takes 3 working days from the date of the float to issue the shares and selling cannot practically happen before then.

 

How will investors be able to sell IPO shares?

 

This is easy. Simply choose when and how many to sell, and execute the deal online or alternatively instruct a sale over the telephone. Dealing online is almost always cheaper than dealing over the telephone.

 

Will there be a dividend from IPO shares and if so, how will they be paid and when?

 

This depends upon the company. The prospectus will normally detail any proposed dividend policy.

 

How will investors find out if there are any special discounts or shareholder perks?

 

If there are any, they will be detailed in the prospectus

 

What are the risks?

 

The value of shares will fall as well as rise, so investors may get back less than they invested. Dividends are not guaranteed and, if paid, are variable. During the period between the Intention to Float being announced and the start of the offer period, the intention may be withdrawn. This rarely happens.

A company which is the subject of an IPO may not have a long track record and could be difficult to value or calculate a fair price. In many IPOs investors do not know the share price before committing to buy and therefore may end up buying at a higher price than they wished.

Investors should read the prospectus and any supplementary documentation as this will include the main risks of investing.

 

Frost Magazine